{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/iiif/3n20c4v676/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Abraham Bengu"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Alternative identifier"]},"value":{"en":["KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000025_2024_09_04"]}},{"label":{"en":["#_Quality Control"]},"value":{"en":["2_Completed (A_Recording uploaded)","2_Completed (B_Metadata)","2_Completed (C_Index)","3_Attention Needed (D_Transcript)","3_Attention Needed (E_Translation)","3_Attention Needed (F_Documentation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["#_Upload Date"]},"value":{"en":["2024-09-09"]}},{"label":{"en":["Headline"]},"value":{"en":["An interview with Mr. Abraham Bhengu, a senior resident of eMahlutshini. Bhengu offers significant insights into the historical royal traditional practices, their influence, and the detrimental effects that the neglect of these practices has had on the amaHlubi nation."]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham Bhengu (75) imparts his insights regarding the significance of Indinga, the Xaba, and Shabalala communities within the Hadebe royal household. He contends that the lack of these three vital structures has resulted in difficulties and fragmentation within the amaHlubi nation. Bhengu serves as a living archive, possessing essential knowledge about the customs and protocols that should be adhered to by the amaHlubi kingdom. Furthermore, he discusses the relevance of incema and its application. He also expresses his concerns regarding the current educational framework, questioning the neglect of agriculture, which he views as a potential source of prosperity for the nation.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Summary"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBhengu recounts that the amaHlubi kingdom was safeguarded by three significant entities: Indinga, the Xaba people, and the Shabalala people. He elaborates that Indinga was responsible for upholding law and order, as well as preparing the traditional herbal tonic known as imbiza and the customary mixture called intelezi. He notes that the preparation of imbiza necessitated water sourced from various streams in neighboring kingdoms, including Ncimidwana and Nkombane, among others. Bhengu describes a specific system employed by the amaHlubi Kingdom to facilitate the delivery of water from these streams. To ensure stability and the preservation of vital cultural practices, the amaHlubi arranged marriages between their daughters and the rulers of nearby kingdoms. The daughters of Hadebe were wed to kings from the Mazibuko, Mkhize, Ndaba, and Dlamini clans. These daughters were expected to guide their husbands, who were kings, on the necessary practices to ensure the continuity of tradition. Bhengu highlights that the Xaba people are responsible for the intelezi, which is intended to purify the king, while the Shabalala people symbolize the king by conducting the ritual of incense burning. Furthermore, Bhengu explains that Indinga serves as a realm from which the king emerges from darkness, which is why it is also known as Ensileni.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBhengu articulates that the traditional herbal tonic and customary concoction have become obsolete, as the knowledge required for their preparation has been lost. He identifies this loss as a contributing factor to the ongoing conflicts among the amaHlubi community. It deeply saddens him that the Hadebe people are unable to uphold and promote their cherished traditions. Furthermore, he asserts that the king is subject to the influence of his adversaries, which has led to a deviation from proper traditional practices. Bhengu emphasizes that the king is not adhering to the correct procedures for appointing izinduna, resulting in violent confrontations among the people, as there is a lack of enforcement of traditional customs. He has expressed his concerns to the king and provided guidance on how to properly address the appointment of izinduna; however, his recommendations have not been heeded.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBhengu indicates that the customary protocols were not adhered to following the death of the king’s son, Bhekamahlubi. He explains that, in accordance with Hlubi traditions, the royal household was supposed to make an official announcement informing the Hlubi nation at large, a step that was overlooked. Additionally, it is customary for elderly women to prepare incema for mourning, which the nation would then wear around their necks; however, this practice was also neglected. Moreover, once the mourning period concludes, it is essential for the entire nation to undergo a cleansing ritual, which regrettably did not take place either.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBhengu describes the formal or traditional procedures that must be adhered to when the legitimate king ascends to the throne following a regent's rule. He notes that this situation arose within the amaHlubi monarchy, as the rightful heir was still a minor, leading Vani and Mshikashika to assume the role of regent king. Furthermore, he elaborates that a regent is required to return a specific item to the king, which symbolizes the restoration of power. He indicates that the existing tension stems from the failure to observe this traditional practice, a matter he has raised multiple times, yet it has not been well received by the royal household.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBhengu underscored the necessity of having only one alter within a household, which is why it is crucial for a son to establish his own residence separate from his father's homestead. This practice is rooted in the belief that there cannot be two bulls in a single kraal. The father is required to inform family members and ancestors about the son's departure, signifying the expansion of the homestead. According to Bhengu, the father must physically visit the new site with traditional Zulu beer in a ladle (inkezo) and pour the beer over the area while notifying the ancestors of the new location. Following this, the father will instruct a traditional healer to conduct a ritual known as ukuqinisa, after which the construction of the house will commence. Once the house is completed, the father is expected to formally present the new dwelling to the ancestors and request their ongoing protection for his son and his family.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2024-09-04"]}},{"label":{"en":["Specific Location"]},"value":{"en":["eMahlutshini"]}},{"label":{"en":["Extended Locations"]},"value":{"en":["Mahlutshini - uMgungundlovu District Municipality - KwaZulu-Natal - South Africa"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration "]},"value":{"en":["02:09:51"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee Information"]},"value":{"en":["Abraham Bhengu (Name)","1949-02-12 (Date of Birth)","Ezindongeni (Location of Birth)","Zulu (Ethnicity)","Male (Gender)","Traditional healer (Occupation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Provider"]},"value":{"en":["KwaZulu-Natal Department Sport Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service - Oral History Unit"]}},{"label":{"en":["Repository"]},"value":{"en":["Audio-Visual Repository"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["IsiZulu (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Access Restrictions"]},"value":{"en":["This material is open for public access and research"]}},{"label":{"en":["Medium"]},"value":{"en":["Born digital (digitally generated content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Themes"]},"value":{"en":["Cultural History"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Cultural Heritage"]}},{"label":{"en":["Genre"]},"value":{"en":["Oral Histories"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration"]},"value":{"en":["06:29:34"]}},{"label":{"en":["Generation Method "]},"value":{"en":["Born Digital – Human Generated Content"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham Bhengu (75) imparts his insights regarding the significance of Indinga, the Xaba, and Shabalala communities within the Hadebe royal household. He contends that the lack of these three vital structures has resulted in difficulties and fragmentation within the amaHlubi nation. Bhengu serves as a living archive, possessing essential knowledge about the customs and protocols that should be adhered to by the amaHlubi kingdom. Furthermore, he discusses the relevance of incema and its application. He also expresses his concerns regarding the current educational framework, questioning the neglect of agriculture, which he views as a potential source of prosperity for the nation.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/250/396/small/KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000025_2024_09_04_AbrahamBengu_HB_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.mp4_1726074151.jpg?1726074151","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 1735714202_250396_1726074188_KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000025_2024_09_04_Abraham_Bengu_HB_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.mp4"]},"duration":7791.423,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/250/396/small/KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000025_2024_09_04_AbrahamBengu_HB_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.mp4_1726074151.jpg?1726074151","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-kzndsac.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/250/396/original/1735714202_250396_1726074188_KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000025_2024_09_04_Abraham_Bengu_HB_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.mp4?1735714232","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":7791.423,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Abraham Bengu 11-15-2024 12:31 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theme Song","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=0.0,13.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=14.0,128.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An oral history interview was carried out by the Department of Sport, Art, and Culture Archives Oral History Unit with Abraham Bhengu. The purpose of this interview was to document his life experiences, highlight significant indigenous knowledge, and analyse the elements that led to the challenges encountered by the amaHlubi community.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=14.0,128.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=14.0,128.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Significance of Indinga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=129.0,919.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Endingeni household was entrusted with the responsibilities of upholding law and order, as well as preparing the traditional herbal tonic known as imbiza and the customary concoction referred to as intelezi. The imbiza serves to prevent hailstorms from approaching, as it historically deterred such storms from reaching Weenen, and it ensures that winter does not begin before the vegetation is adequately prepared. The preparation of imbiza necessitates water sourced from various streams across different kingdoms, including Ncimidwana and Nkombane, among others. Bhengu elucidates that the amaHlubi Kingdom employed a specific method to facilitate the delivery of water from these streams. To maintain order and the continuity of vital cultural practices, the amaHlubi arranged marriages between their daughters and the rulers of neighbouring kingdoms. The daughters of Hadebe were wed to the Mazibuko, Mkhize, Ndaba, and Dlamini families. These women were expected to advise their husbands, who were kings, on the necessary actions to preserve their traditions. For instance, they guided the timing for cutting grass, specifically Juncus kraussii (incema), and the gathering of wood intended for the preparation of the tonic. Bhengu recounts that in ancient times, hypoxis hemerocallidea (inkomfe) was utilized for mourning, a practice that later transitioned to the use of black cloth. Furthermore, Bhengu notes that the Xaba people are tasked with intelezi, which serves to purify the king, while the Shabalala people represent the king by performing the ritual of burning incense. Bhengu further explains that Indinga is a domain from which the king departs from darkness, which is why it is also referred to as Ensileni.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=129.0,919.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indinga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marriage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rituals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kingdoms","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=129.0,919.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Inkosi uTatazela","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=920.0,1593.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bhengu elaborates that the Shabalala community played a crucial role in implementing protective measures to fortify Inkosi uTatazela. In his account of Tatazela, Bhengu notes that although he was quite young at the time, there were reports of a mysterious presence on the roof, which was subsequently captured by dogs, leading Tatazela to stab it. The following morning, certain individuals close to Tatazela approached him, expressing that they had heard of the incident and respectfully requested the animal's skin. Bhengu recounts that Tatazela initially declined their request, but after an extended discussion, he ultimately consented to give them the skin. It is noted that shortly after this event, Tatazela fell ill, and upon consulting a Sangoma, it was revealed that those who had sought the animal's skin had cast a spell on the wound. \r\nBhengu elaborates that the Shabalala community played a crucial role in implementing protective measures to fortify Inkosi uTatazela. In his account of Tatazela, Bhengu notes that although he was quite young at the time, there were reports of a mysterious presence on the roof, which was subsequently captured by dogs, leading Tatazela to stab it. The following morning, certain individuals close to Tatazela approached him, expressing that they had heard of the incident and respectfully requested the animal's skin. Bhengu recounts that Tatazela initially declined their request, but after an extended discussion, he ultimately consented to give them the skin. It is noted that shortly after this event, Tatazela fell ill, and upon consulting a Sangoma, it was revealed that those who had sought the animal's skin had cast a spell on the wound. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=920.0,1593.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Inkosi uTatazela","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AmaHlubi kingdom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"death","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"betrayal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"witchcraft","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=920.0,1593.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prominent Structures of AmaHlubi ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=1594.0,3590.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bhengu articulates his regret regarding the disappearance of the traditional herbal tonic, lamenting that the knowledge of its preparation has been lost. He associates this loss with the ongoing conflicts among the amaHlubi community. It saddens him that the Hadebe people are unable to advocate for their cherished traditions. Bhengu expresses his discontent with the current king, asserting that he is not guided by the three key pillars of amaHlubi: Indinga, the esteemed individuals of Shabalala, and Xaba. He asserts that the king is swayed by his adversaries, which has led to a deviation from traditional practices. Bhengu emphasizes that the king is not following the proper procedures for appointing izinduna, resulting in violence among the people and a lack of enforcement of customary practices. He has previously raised these concerns with the king and provided recommendations for improving the appointment process for izinduna; however, the king has disregarded his advice.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=1594.0,3590.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AmaHlubi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"core structures","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fading tradition","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"imbiza","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intelezi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=1594.0,3590.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where it all went wrong","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=3591.0,4880.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bhengu recounts that the Kist beside him is owned by his mother, Lucy Dlamini, who brought it with her when she married his father, Frank Siheshe Bhengu. As mentioned in a prior interview, Bhengu's father passed away in Johannesburg in 1952, when Bhengu was merely four years old. He describes how his mother returned to her home with the Kist, dressed in mourning attire (inzila), and she was never cleansed within the Bhengu household. Bhengu reflects that, as a young boy, he did not grasp the significance of this event until he matured and experienced the loss of his own children and nephews due to accidents and violence. He notes that his mother only returned to the Bhengu household when he married in 1974. When his children began to pass away, she advised him to seek forgiveness from the ancestors on her behalf, yet she never revealed the nature of her wrongdoing before her death.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=3591.0,4880.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kist","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cleansing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anger of the ancestors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"umkhokha","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=3591.0,4880.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ingane yakoMalume","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=4881.0,6431.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bhengu states that when a woman passes away following a miscarriage, her family is required to perform a cleansing ritual for her spirit using ihlahla lomlahlankosi and dung, which takes place in a river. He further notes that no similar cleansing ritual is performed for a male in the event of a miscarriage; instead, the man must provide a goat to the woman's family along with other associated fines. He explains that conflicts may arise between the ancestral spirits of the maternal and paternal sides. In such situations, it is crucial for the man to compensate for any damages incurred and subsequently offer another goat to the maternal side, while also requesting that the child be given his surname.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=4881.0,6431.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ingane yakoMalume","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Non-marital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"traditional ceremony","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"damages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paternal surname","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=4881.0,6431.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Importance of Incema","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=6432.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bhengu emphasizes the significance of incema to the Hlubi people, noting its unique powers that influence weather patterns; improper cutting of the plant can result in a storm. The appropriate time for harvesting incema is strictly regulated, occurring only after a formal announcement from the royal household and following the completion of the harvest. He observes that this practice is no longer upheld, leading to abandoned plantations and a lack of unity among the izinduna and the broader community. Furthermore, in discussing the various applications of incema, Bhengu points out that men traditionally do not sit on mats made from ordinary grass, but rather on those crafted from incema. Additionally, incema is utilized for serving different meals and for covering traditional beer.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=6432.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Incema","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Royalty","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"powerful grass","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"household item","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"amaHlubi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=6432.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Recommendations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=6991.0,7726.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bhengu believes that the present government ought to focus on establishing public gardens, known as amasimu, and supplying tractors and seedlings to the populace. This initiative would enable individuals to sustain themselves through agriculture, rather than merely providing RDP houses to those who are hungry and lack a source of income. He points out that in the past, amaHlubi gardens served as a primary means of livelihood, but currently, they are non-existent. Regarding the existing curriculum, Bhengu notes that the education system fails to educate children about their heritage, culture, and, crucially, agriculture.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=6991.0,7726.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Recommendations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agriculture","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Local economy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education system","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=6991.0,7726.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396/index/86101/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theme Song","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250396#t=7727.0,7791.0"}]}]},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250395","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000025_2024_09_04_Abraham_Bengu_Audio_80Kbps_v1.1.mp3"]},"duration":7791.43837,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collections/default_thumbs/000/002/203/small/Audio_logo_1000px.png?1694418531","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250395/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250395/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-kzndsac.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/250/395/original/KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000025_2024_09_04_Abraham_Bengu_Audio_80Kbps_v1.1.mp3?1726074066","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":7791.43837,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/135658/file/250395","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}