{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/iiif/dv1cj8963x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Musa Xaba"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Alternative identifier"]},"value":{"en":["KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2025_A0000004_2025_01_30"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThe KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service Oral History Unit had the honour of recording an oral history with Musa Xaba on January 30, 2025. Among the topics he discussed was the pivotal role played by the youth in the regions of Inanda, Ntuzuma, and KwaMashu. Highlighting student struggles and the development of youth organisations such as the KwaMashu Youth League (KYL), Ntuzuma Youth Organisation (NTUYO), and Inanda Youth Organisation (NAYO).\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMusa Xaba reflected on critical milestones, including the KwaMashu Uprisings, the 1983 Million Signature Campaign, the formation of the United Democratic Front (UDF), and the subsequent resistance against societal subjugation, as well as the rejection of the Bantu Authorities and the Tricameral Parliament. He elaborated on civic struggles and the significant roles played by community organisations such as the Civic Movement, fraternal organisations like the Natal Organisation of Women (NOW), and other grassroots structures.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe resistance against apartheid also featured prominently in his account, highlighting planned consumer campaigns and rent boycotts, the ramifications of PW Botha's Rubicon Speech, and the subsequent declaration of the State of Emergency. This led to continued community struggles and the transition beyond the economic downturn to the unbanning of organisations and the release of political leaders, notably Nelson Mandela, who stood at the center of community demands, culminating in the landmark victory of the nation in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eXaba also delved into the era of violence, discussing the roles of Inkatha Yenkululeko Yesizwe, Self-Defence Units (SDUs), Self-Protection Units (SPUs), and apartheid surrogate structures. He emphasised the contributions of senior leaders such as Toto Dweba, Njokwe, and Chris Ntuli, among others. Additionally, he highlighted the unique civic struggles of Ntuzuma, the complex relationships between Inkatha leaders and youth activists in the area, and the paternal dynamics at play. Lastly, he discussed the release and reintegration of political leaders such as Sibusiso Ndebele, Jeff Radebe, Mzimela Linus Dlamini, and others.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMusa Xaba's oral history account offers a wealth of insights into his political involvement and community activism in Soweto, Ntuzuma, and surrounding areas. As a community activist, Xaba played a significant role in organising defence units against Inkatha and Mandla Shabalala's men in Ntuzuma. He also contributed to the formation of the United Democratic Front (UDF) and worked towards developing the Soweto informal settlement into a formal township.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eXaba's account highlights the apartheid police's dark operations in areas such as Ntuzuma E and F, Soweto-Piesang, and eMaplazini, which led to arrests and further entrenched the need for community resistance. He also reflects on the opportunity missed by the African National Congress (ANC) to prepare communities for the new South Africa and their role in building it.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, Xaba mentions his role in the development of the Soweto informal settlement, where community members used their funds to build houses one by one. This initiative can be seen as a precursor to the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) that was implemented after 1994.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eXaba's experiences and insights provide valuable context to the broader struggle against apartheid and the complexities of community development and activism during that period.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration "]},"value":{"en":["1:31"]}},{"label":{"en":["Access Restrictions"]},"value":{"en":["Restricted – 20 years"]}},{"label":{"en":["Embargo Date"]},"value":{"en":["2045-01-27"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration"]},"value":{"en":["00:01:31"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThe KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service Oral History Unit had the honour of recording an oral history with Musa Xaba on January 30, 2025. Among the topics he discussed was the pivotal role played by the youth in the regions of Inanda, Ntuzuma, and KwaMashu. Highlighting student struggles and the development of youth organisations such as the KwaMashu Youth League (KYL), Ntuzuma Youth Organisation (NTUYO), and Inanda Youth Organisation (NAYO).\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMusa Xaba reflected on critical milestones, including the KwaMashu Uprisings, the 1983 Million Signature Campaign, the formation of the United Democratic Front (UDF), and the subsequent resistance against societal subjugation, as well as the rejection of the Bantu Authorities and the Tricameral Parliament. He elaborated on civic struggles and the significant roles played by community organisations such as the Civic Movement, fraternal organisations like the Natal Organisation of Women (NOW), and other grassroots structures.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe resistance against apartheid also featured prominently in his account, highlighting planned consumer campaigns and rent boycotts, the ramifications of PW Botha's Rubicon Speech, and the subsequent declaration of the State of Emergency. This led to continued community struggles and the transition beyond the economic downturn to the unbanning of organisations and the release of political leaders, notably Nelson Mandela, who stood at the center of community demands, culminating in the landmark victory of the nation in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eXaba also delved into the era of violence, discussing the roles of Inkatha Yenkululeko Yesizwe, Self-Defence Units (SDUs), Self-Protection Units (SPUs), and apartheid surrogate structures. He emphasised the contributions of senior leaders such as Toto Dweba, Njokwe, and Chris Ntuli, among others. Additionally, he highlighted the unique civic struggles of Ntuzuma, the complex relationships between Inkatha leaders and youth activists in the area, and the paternal dynamics at play. Lastly, he discussed the release and reintegration of political leaders such as Sibusiso Ndebele, Jeff Radebe, Mzimela Linus Dlamini, and others.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMusa Xaba's oral history account offers a wealth of insights into his political involvement and community activism in Soweto, Ntuzuma, and surrounding areas. As a community activist, Xaba played a significant role in organising defence units against Inkatha and Mandla Shabalala's men in Ntuzuma. He also contributed to the formation of the United Democratic Front (UDF) and worked towards developing the Soweto informal settlement into a formal township.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eXaba's account highlights the apartheid police's dark operations in areas such as Ntuzuma E and F, Soweto-Piesang, and eMaplazini, which led to arrests and further entrenched the need for community resistance. He also reflects on the opportunity missed by the African National Congress (ANC) to prepare communities for the new South Africa and their role in building it.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, Xaba mentions his role in the development of the Soweto informal settlement, where community members used their funds to build houses one by one. This initiative can be seen as a precursor to the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) that was implemented after 1994.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eXaba's experiences and insights provide valuable context to the broader struggle against apartheid and the complexities of community development and activism during that period.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/260/958/small/KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2025_A0000004_2025_01_30_MusaXaba_BH_H265_W_854x480_v1.2_LOCKED_CLIP.mp4_1738269708.jpg?1738269709","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/141176/file/260958","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 260958_1738269727_KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2025_A0000004_2025_01_30_Musa_Xaba_BH_H265_W_854x480_v1.2_LOCKED_CLIP.mp4.mp4"]},"duration":91.796,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/260/958/small/KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2025_A0000004_2025_01_30_MusaXaba_BH_H265_W_854x480_v1.2_LOCKED_CLIP.mp4_1738269708.jpg?1738269709","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/141176/file/260958/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/141176/file/260958/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-kzndsac.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/260/958/original/260958_1738269727_KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2025_A0000004_2025_01_30_Musa_Xaba_BH_H265_W_854x480_v1.2_LOCKED_CLIP.mp4.mp4?1738269908","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":91.796,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/141176/file/260958","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}