{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/iiif/h98z893p2x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Alson Zakhele Thumbu Ndawonde"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Alternative identifier"]},"value":{"en":["KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2023_A0000084_2023_10_17"]}},{"label":{"en":["#_Quality Control"]},"value":{"en":["2_Completed (A_Recording uploaded)","2_Completed (B_Metadata)","2_Completed (C_Index)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Headline"]},"value":{"en":["Alson Zakhele Thumbu Ndawonde, sharing his life journey, begins with a tale of his father's household and how much simpler things were in the old days."]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlson Zakhele Thumbu Ndawonde, sharing his life journey, begins with a tale of his father's household. His father, Shwili, had two wives. Alson's mother was the first wife, alongside nine children. Alson himself is the youngest and sole survivor among his siblings. The second wife, MaZaca, only had one daughter and lived separately in another house built by Alson's father.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAlson's early life unfolds in Mzinyashani, near the Mpofana River in Mooi River. His father, a renowned herbalist, and his second wife abstained from alcohol, unlike his mother. Their daily life revolved around herding cattle and goats, milking cows, and working on the family farm. Alson, even as a young boy, engaged in discussions about livestock with his father and borrowed bicycles from friends to visit him.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eCattle held significant importance in their family, providing sustenance through milk and sour milk, and supporting cultivation. Communication with his father, facilitated by postal services, involved exchanging letters where his father would announce visits and the cow to be slaughtered for feasts. These gatherings, known as umbuso, included traditional dances and the sharing of meats and beer.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBasic education, received as Christians with baptismal names, enabled Alson to assist family members with reading and writing letters. The introduction of cell phones streamlined communication compared to postal services. Death rituals within the village involved suspicions of witchcraft, communal cooking, and burial preparations, overseen by Christian priests.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter funerals, cleansing rituals occurred, followed by mourning periods marked by the distribution of black cloths. Months later, ceremonies such as ukusula izandla and umsebenzi were performed for further cleansing and closure. Traditional practices, including the use of herbal medicines for courtship, were prevalent, with girls often confiding in their grandmothers about suitors.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDespite stopping school early, Alson prioritised education for his children, some of whom became teachers. His courtship with Mantombi Martha Ntshangase, culminating in marriage, spanned a considerable duration. They both hailed from Christian families, affiliated with the Salvation church. Alson's work on the farm, initially earning him 50 cents a month, fluctuated over time, but livestock remained relatively affordable.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAlson and Mantombi faced challenges with miscarriages and stillbirths before being blessed with three children. Eventually, their children provided them with a house in Colenso due to Alson's solitude and fear of break-ins after Mantombi's passing. Alson reflects on the changes over time, cherishing the simplicity of the past while adapting to the present.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2023-10-17"]}},{"label":{"en":["Specific Location"]},"value":{"en":["Vaalkop - Ekuvukeni"]}},{"label":{"en":["Extended Locations"]},"value":{"en":["Ekuvukeni - Uthukela District Municipality - KwaZulu-Natal - South Africa"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration "]},"value":{"en":["01:42:16"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributors"]},"value":{"en":["Alson Zakhele Thumbu Ndawonde (Interviewee)","Muziwandile Hadebe (Interviewer)","Reinhardt Hartzenberg (Field Technician)","- (Transcriber)","- (Studio Technician)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee Information"]},"value":{"en":["- (Date of Birth)","Mzinyashani, Mooi River (Location of Birth)","Zulu (Race / Ethnicity)","Male (Gender)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Repository"]},"value":{"en":["Audio-Visual Repository"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":[]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Reference code) \u003c/strong\u003eKwaZulu-Natal Department Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service; Oral History Unit\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source URL"]},"value":{"en":["https://www.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584"]}},{"label":{"en":["Access Restrictions"]},"value":{"en":["This material is open for public access and research"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["MPEG-4 (Base Media / Version 2) - extension: .mp4 - ISO/IEC 14496-14 -Video Compression Standard: HEVC (H265) - Frames: 25fps - 16:9 - 8-bit - Compression Mode: Lossy - 854x480 pixels (Public Access - Format)","AVCHD - extension: .MPT - Frame rate: 25fps - 16:9 - Compression Mode: Lossy - 1920 x 1080 pixels (Original Media - Format)","ProRes422 - extension: .MOV - Frame rate: 25fps - 16:9 - 8-bit - Compression Mode: Lossy - 1920 x 1080 pixels (Video Archive Version - Format)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Primary Media Type"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Themes"]},"value":{"en":["Community History","Family Tree"]}},{"label":{"en":["Genre"]},"value":{"en":["Oral Histories"]}},{"label":{"en":["Conditions governing access"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Condition governing reproduction"]},"value":{"en":["COPIES FOR PRIVATE STUDY: Subject to copyright, conditions imposed by owners and protecting the documents, digital copies can be made. PUBLICATION: A reader wishing to publish material in the collection should contact the Provincial archivist in writing. (Email: kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za ) The reader is responsible for obtaining permission to publish from the copyright owner."]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e© KwaZulu-Natal Archives and records Service - All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service. The status of the content is mentioned in the Release status section, and it is intended solely for research and non-commercial purposes. Interviews may only be reproduced with written permission from the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service and with the correct citation according to the Preferred Citation field. For commercial use, arrangements with cost needs to be made with the Provincial Archivist in writing. – kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration"]},"value":{"en":["05:06:49"]}},{"label":{"en":["License"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003ehttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Copyright Owners"]},"value":{"en":["KwaZulu-Natal Department Sport Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service; Oral History Unit (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Redact of Content"]},"value":{"en":["No"]}},{"label":{"en":["Disclaimer"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThe memories, comments, and viewpoints shared by the narrators, interviewers, and interviewees in the content on the KZNAV-Channel and related documents do not represent the viewpoints of, or speak for the KwaZulu-Natal Department Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service or KwaZulu-Natal Government. The KZNAV-channel merely serves as an online repository for the memories, comments, stories, accounts, and experiences of the interviewees. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service cannot guarantee or assure the validity, accuracy, or completeness of the information in the interviews hosted here and expressly disclaims any liability therefore. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service retains the right to refuse to host or make publicly available any donated interview due to our discretion. Furthermore, the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service is pleased to provide open public access to content and oral history interviews for educational and non-commercial purposes, but the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service retains the copyright to each interview, transcripts, and any other materials hosted on our KZNAV-Channel unless expressly indicated in the \"Copyright Owner\" field. In certain instances, some interviews may be unavailable to the public due to the content being locked or not having reached the predetermined public release date as legally determined by the Provincial Archivist. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service strives to always offer correct and up-to-date information on the KZNAV-Channel. Although this information has been compiled with the greatest possible care, the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service does not guarantee the completeness, accuracy or topicality of the information. Content, Interviews, transcripts, and other materials published here may not be reproduced in full or published without our express consent. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service can be contacted at kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Generation Method "]},"value":{"en":["Born Digital – Human Generated Content"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["elderly, Mooi river"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlson Zakhele Thumbu Ndawonde, sharing his life journey, begins with a tale of his father's household. His father, Shwili, had two wives. Alson's mother was the first wife, alongside nine children. Alson himself is the youngest and sole survivor among his siblings. The second wife, MaZaca, only had one daughter and lived separately in another house built by Alson's father.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAlson's early life unfolds in Mzinyashani, near the Mpofana River in Mooi River. His father, a renowned herbalist, and his second wife abstained from alcohol, unlike his mother. Their daily life revolved around herding cattle and goats, milking cows, and working on the family farm. Alson, even as a young boy, engaged in discussions about livestock with his father and borrowed bicycles from friends to visit him.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eCattle held significant importance in their family, providing sustenance through milk and sour milk, and supporting cultivation. Communication with his father, facilitated by postal services, involved exchanging letters where his father would announce visits and the cow to be slaughtered for feasts. These gatherings, known as umbuso, included traditional dances and the sharing of meats and beer.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBasic education, received as Christians with baptismal names, enabled Alson to assist family members with reading and writing letters. The introduction of cell phones streamlined communication compared to postal services. Death rituals within the village involved suspicions of witchcraft, communal cooking, and burial preparations, overseen by Christian priests.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter funerals, cleansing rituals occurred, followed by mourning periods marked by the distribution of black cloths. Months later, ceremonies such as ukusula izandla and umsebenzi were performed for further cleansing and closure. Traditional practices, including the use of herbal medicines for courtship, were prevalent, with girls often confiding in their grandmothers about suitors.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDespite stopping school early, Alson prioritised education for his children, some of whom became teachers. His courtship with Mantombi Martha Ntshangase, culminating in marriage, spanned a considerable duration. They both hailed from Christian families, affiliated with the Salvation church. Alson's work on the farm, initially earning him 50 cents a month, fluctuated over time, but livestock remained relatively affordable.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAlson and Mantombi faced challenges with miscarriages and stillbirths before being blessed with three children. Eventually, their children provided them with a house in Colenso due to Alson's solitude and fear of break-ins after Mantombi's passing. Alson reflects on the changes over time, cherishing the simplicity of the past while adapting to the present.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u0026copy; KwaZulu-Natal Archives and records Service - All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service. The status of the content is mentioned in the Release status section, and it is intended solely for research and non-commercial purposes. Interviews may only be reproduced with written permission from the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service and with the correct citation according to the Preferred Citation field. For commercial use, arrangements with cost needs to be made with the Provincial Archivist in writing. \u0026ndash; kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/209/991/small/KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2023_A0000084_2023_10_17_AlsonZakheleThumbuNdawonde_FC_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.m4v_1697716511.jpg?1697716512","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 1735706230_209991_1725415853_KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2023_A0000084_2023_10_17_Alson_Zakhele_Thumbu_Ndawonde_FC_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.m4v"]},"duration":6136.44,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/209/991/small/KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2023_A0000084_2023_10_17_AlsonZakheleThumbuNdawonde_FC_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.m4v_1697716511.jpg?1697716512","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-kzndsac.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/209/991/original/1735706230_209991_1725415853_KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2023_A0000084_2023_10_17_Alson_Zakhele_Thumbu_Ndawonde_FC_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.m4v?1735706256","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":6136.44,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Alson Zakhele Thumbu Ndawonde 06-21-2024 12:32 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theme Song","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=0.0,9.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=10.0,220.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An oral history interview with Alson Thumbu Zakhele Ndawonde conducted by the Department of Sport, Art, and Culture Archives Oral History Unit to document his life story, focusing on his family and early years. Ndawonde acts as a repository of living memory, safeguarding relationships and narratives that might otherwise vanish.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=10.0,220.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alson Thumbu Zakhele Ndawonde","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=10.0,220.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family tree","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=221.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His father, Shwili's had two wives. His mother, MaSibiya, was the first wife and had nine children, with him being the youngest and the only surviving sibling. MaZaca, his father's second wife, had just one child - a daughter who didn't reside with us as my father constructed a separate house for her. He can't recall his age or birthday. His father was well-known for his knowledge of herbs, his mother came from Mbalane Odadeni, and his maternal grandmother was MaSikhakhane.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=221.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"polygamy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Siblings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=221.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early Childhood ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=781.0,1822.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ndawonde was raised in Mzinyashani, located in Mooi River, with the nearby Mpofana River. In his youth, he participated in activities such as herding cattle and goats, as well as milking cows. His older brothers used to work on the farm, and as he got older, he also started working there. As a young child, he borrowed a bike from his friends to visit his father and talk about livestock, particularly cattle. In his family, he ensures that cattle play a significant role in both farming activities and in providing food like milk and sour milk. With the introduction of postal services, he is able to purchase a stamp, compose a letter to his father, and receive a response from him. In the letter, he will specify his visit date and which cow is to be slaughtered, with no specific ritual involved. The village residents will be asked to attend a traditional ceremony where they can savor meats and homemade beer made by my mother. During the event, attendees will wear their traditional clothing and perform traditional dances in the kraal. The next day, men from the area will gather to eat brisket and keep drinking, in a tradition known as ukulanda izigqoko, which means consuming all the leftover food and beverages. Regarding education, they obtained a fundamental level of education that allowed them to be literate. Because they were Christians, they had Christian names bestowed upon them during baptism, hence the reason for having such names. His skill in reading and writing helped numerous of my family members who were unable to read or write, in sending and deciphering letters. In certain instances, these letters contained money, such as when a child working in Johannesburg would send their parents a letter with money.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=781.0,1822.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mzinyashani","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farm worker","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mooi River","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"herding","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christianity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=781.0,1822.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life Journey ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=1823.0,4269.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When he was still courting Mantombi later to be his wife, it took a long time, and he was informed by other girls that she has agreed. His wife also came from a Christians family, as they went to Salvation church. I married Mantombi Martha Ntshangase. I worked at the farm until retirement, at first, we were paid 50 c a month. This money had value during that time. The wage was not stable, as at times we were paid R 1.00 and later R 6.00. Livestock was affordable, as a goat was R1.00 and a cow costed R 6.00.\r\nHis wife suffered a lot of miscarriages and stillborn, but we were later blessed with three children. He named his first born Muziwokuthula meaning a household with peace, with no dispute or quarrel. After getting married he continued to stay in the village until his children bought me a house in Colenso, and his children moved me to the old age home because he was staying alone most of the time and scared of break-ins. He is here because he did not have anyone to stay with, it is not because his children failed to support him. His  wife fell sick and died few years ago.\r\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=1823.0,4269.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"courting","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salvation church","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farm worker","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Livestock","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"miscarriages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Colenso","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=1823.0,4269.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Funeral and Grief","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=4270.0,6072.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He recounts that in the village if someone died, certain individuals were believed to be practicing witchcraft. Extended family members will receive notification, burial date will be shared, and women will begin the process of making traditional beer. Cooking will be the responsibility of neighbours and family members. The day prior to the funeral, senior family members will retrieve, bathe, and clothe the deceased. On the day of the burial, the grave was dug by men in the early morning. A significant role was played by the Christian priest at the funerals. After the funeral, some family members will head to the nearby river for a purification ritual, with some choosing to cleanse their entire bodies and others just washing their hands. Two dishes containing herbs and water are set outside the gate/yard for mourners to cleanse their hands following the funeral, before returning inside to have a meal. Right after the funeral, a black cloth is given to family members for mourning, children wear it around their necks and elders on their shoulders. A few days later, a goat is sacrificed as part of a cleansing ritual known as ukusula izandla, where everyone takes off the black cloth and it is set on fire. A cow is slaughtered during the final ritual called ukubuyiswa/umsebenzi that occurs after few months.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=4270.0,6072.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Funeral and Grief","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"village","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Extended family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mourning","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cleansing ritual","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=4270.0,6072.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991/index/83832/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theme Song","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209991#t=6073.0,6136.0"}]}]},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209990","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2023_A0000084_2023_10_17_Alson_Zakhele_Thumbu_Ndawonde_Audio_80Kbps.mp3"]},"duration":6136.47674,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collections/default_thumbs/000/002/203/small/Audio_logo_1000px.png?1694418531","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209990/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209990/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-kzndsac.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/209/990/original/KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2023_A0000084_2023_10_17_Alson_Zakhele_Thumbu_Ndawonde_Audio_80Kbps.mp3?1697716292","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":6136.47674,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/108584/file/209990","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}