{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/iiif/jw86h4ff79/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Adelaide Philisiwe Nxumalo"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Alternative identifier"]},"value":{"en":["KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000036_2024_12_09"]}},{"label":{"en":["#_Quality Control"]},"value":{"en":["2_Completed (A_Recording uploaded)","2_Completed (B_Metadata)","2_Completed (C_Index)"]}},{"label":{"en":["#_Upload Date"]},"value":{"en":["2024-12-10"]}},{"label":{"en":["Headline"]},"value":{"en":["In an interview, Adelaide Philisiwe Nxumalo, who endured political violence in Mpumalanga Township, KwaZulu-Natal, recounts the devastating events surrounding the deaths of her eleven family members on April 20, 1990."]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAdelaide Philisiwe Nxumalo provides an account of the numerous political parties that operated within Mpumalanga Township, detailing the significant impact of politics on daily life, particularly in educational settings. She highlights the considerable engagement of the youth in political activities, noting that violence led to the tragic deaths of many young activists, including her brother Moyeni, who was a courageous political figure. Nxumalo further emphasizes that, following the murder of eleven family members, she has not received any governmental support, despite the widespread media coverage of the incident in publications like UmaAfrika and Ilanga lase Natal.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Summary"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eNxumalo reflects on her origins in a standard family where both parents were gainfully employed. She notes that they were pioneers in their community, being one of the first families to acquire a television. Despite her parents' candid acknowledgment of their ties to the African National Congress, she contends that they did not deserve to die in such a manner. She elaborates that her mother worked as a domestic worker, and her white employers would sometimes come to their home, offering furniture and other items they no longer required. This led to the spread of misleading rumors that her parents were informants, which she asserts is entirely false.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eOn the night of April 20, 1990, Nxumalo describes a harrowing experience when a knock at the door signaled danger. Looking through the window, she saw 7 to 8 armed men demanding entry. Her family’s refusal to comply led one of the men to break in through a window, brandishing a gun and allowing the others to follow. As her siblings and grandchildren, including her child Mfundo, sought refuge with her parents, Nxumalo opted to hide under the bed and inside a Zulu pot. Despite the emotional toll of recounting the events, she shared that while concealed, she heard gunshots and her father’s pleas for forgiveness, as he requested to pray. They allowed him to pray until they grew impatient and shot him. Nxumalo mourned the loss of her child Mfundo, her parents, and her siblings Phumelele, Mandisane, and Khozelani, as well as two of Phumelele’s children, Slindile and Ntokozo. Additionally, two relatives from KwaMashu, Ntokozo and Zodwa, were also victims; Zodwa was scheduled to marry the week following the incident and was buried on what would have been her wedding day. Nxumalo further explained that the funerals for her family members were held in KwaMashu due to ongoing violence in the area, the destruction of their home, and the fear that the assailants might return to complete their heinous acts. \u003cbr\u003eMurder Famiy Political violence political rivalry.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eNxumalo describes her ordeal as the only survivor of a devastating event, later discovering that another child had also survived. She highlights the emotional support she received from her mother’s employer, neighbors, and the Shabalala and Msomi families during the time leading up to the funeral. After the incident, she initially lived in KwaMashu D before relocating to her employer's residence, as she was working at The HUB. She conveys her gratitude towards her employer for imparting valuable lessons on financial savings, which allowed her to reconstruct her home in Hammersdale. Nxumalo mentions that her employer often questioned her intentions regarding living without a home, which motivated her to save funds at Ithala Bank. By the age of 29, she had completed her house; however, her fear of uncertainty led her to rent it out while she continued her residence in Durban. Additionally, Nxumalo recounts a dream in which her mother urged her to return home. Although she complied, she opted to stay with friends until an elderly woman in the neighborhood advised her to sever ties with them due to their misconduct.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Specific Location"]},"value":{"en":["Mpumalanga Township"]}},{"label":{"en":["Extended Locations"]},"value":{"en":["Durban - eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality - KwaZulu-Natal - South Africa"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration "]},"value":{"en":["2:43:49"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributors"]},"value":{"en":["Adelaide Philisiwe Nxumalo (Interviewee)","Muziwandile Hadebe (Interviewer)","Reinhardt Hartzenberg (Field Technician)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee Information"]},"value":{"en":["Adelaide Philisiwe Nxumalo (Name)","KwaMashu (Location of Birth)","Zulu (Ethnicity)","Female (Gender)","Unemployed/Sangoma (Occupation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Provider"]},"value":{"en":["KwaZulu-Natal Department Sport Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service - Oral History Unit"]}},{"label":{"en":["Repository"]},"value":{"en":["Audio-Visual Repository"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["IsiZulu (Primary)","English (Secondary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Medium"]},"value":{"en":["Born digital (digitally generated content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Themes"]},"value":{"en":["Political Parties \u0026amp; Organisations","Family Histories","Community History"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Political Activism","Family Histories","Anti-Apartheid Activism","United Democratic Front (UDF) Campaigns"]}},{"label":{"en":["Genre"]},"value":{"en":["Oral Histories"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration"]},"value":{"en":["08:11:27"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAdelaide Philisiwe Nxumalo provides an account of the numerous political parties that operated within Mpumalanga Township, detailing the significant impact of politics on daily life, particularly in educational settings. She highlights the considerable engagement of the youth in political activities, noting that violence led to the tragic deaths of many young activists, including her brother Moyeni, who was a courageous political figure. Nxumalo further emphasizes that, following the murder of eleven family members, she has not received any governmental support, despite the widespread media coverage of the incident in publications like UmaAfrika and Ilanga lase Natal.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/258/152/small/KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000036_2024_12_09_AdelaidePhilisiweNxumalo_HB_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.mp4_1733839407.jpg?1733839408","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 1735715268_258152_1733839446_KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000036_2024_12_09_Adelaide_Philisiwe_Nxumalo_HB_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.mp4.mp4"]},"duration":9829.162,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/258/152/small/KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000036_2024_12_09_AdelaidePhilisiweNxumalo_HB_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.mp4_1733839407.jpg?1733839408","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-kzndsac.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/258/152/original/1735715268_258152_1733839446_KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000036_2024_12_09_Adelaide_Philisiwe_Nxumalo_HB_H265_W_854x480_v1.1.mp4.mp4?1735715293","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":9829.162,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Adelaide Philisiwe Nxumalo 01-06-2025 13:04 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Political Involvement ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=441.0,2279.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nxumalo recounts her educational journey, having attended Intando Primary School, Okhozini Senior Primary School, and subsequently Phezulu High School. She notes that her political consciousness began to develop in Grade 8, influenced by numerous events occurring in Hammersdale that motivated the youth to align with the United Democratic Front. Significant incidents, such as the assault on a high school teacher, Mr. Nkosi, the tragic death of Mashu Mbatha, and the murder of twins in their residence, contributed to this awakening. Nxumalo highlights that her parents were politically aware and engaged in discussions about politics with their children, expressing their support for the African National Congress. She further explains that due to the involvement of various political movements, those affiliated with the UDF were required to visibly display their allegiance through colors and the distribution of pamphlets, often without parental supervision. Additionally, Nxumalo mentions her brother Moyeni, a prominent political activist, who was tragically killed in 1989.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=441.0,2279.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Township schools","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"politics","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"violence","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political parties","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"youth","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=441.0,2279.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tragic death of 11 family members","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=2280.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the night of April 20, 1990, Nxumalo describes a harrowing experience when a knock at the door signaled danger. Looking through the window, she saw 7 to 8 armed men demanding entry. Her family’s refusal to comply led one of the men to break in through a window, brandishing a gun and allowing the others to follow. As her siblings and grandchildren, including her child Mfundo, sought refuge with her parents, Nxumalo opted to hide under the bed and inside a Zulu pot. Despite the emotional toll of recounting the events, she shared that while concealed, she heard gunshots and her father’s pleas for forgiveness, as he requested to pray. They allowed him to pray until they grew impatient and shot him. Nxumalo mourned the loss of her child Mfundo, her parents, and her siblings Phumelele, Mandisane, and Khozelani, as well as two of Phumelele’s children, Slindile and Ntokozo. Additionally, two relatives from KwaMashu, Ntokozo and Zodwa, were also victims; Zodwa was scheduled to marry the week following the incident and was buried on what would have been her wedding day. Nxumalo further explained that the funerals for her family members were held in KwaMashu due to ongoing violence in the area, the destruction of their home, and the fear that the assailants might return to complete their heinous acts. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=2280.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Political violence","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tragic death of 11 family members","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political rivalry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Murder","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=2280.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grief Recovery ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=3991.0,5679.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nxumalo describes her ordeal as the only survivor of a devastating event, later discovering that another child had also survived. She highlights the emotional support she received from her mother’s employer, neighbors, and the Shabalala and Msomi families during the time leading up to the funeral. After the incident, she initially lived in KwaMashu D before relocating to her employer's residence, as she was working at The HUB. She conveys her gratitude towards her employer for imparting valuable lessons on financial savings, which allowed her to reconstruct her home in Hammersdale. Nxumalo mentions that her employer often questioned her intentions regarding living without a home, which motivated her to save funds at Ithala Bank. By the age of 29, she had completed her house; however, her fear of uncertainty led her to rent it out while she continued her residence in Durban. Additionally, Nxumalo recounts a dream in which her mother urged her to return home. Although she complied, she opted to stay with friends until an elderly woman in the neighborhood advised her to sever ties with them due to their misconduct.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=3991.0,5679.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grief Recovery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coping with loss","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survivor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rebuilding home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighborhood support","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=3991.0,5679.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spiritual Journey ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=5680.0,7907.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nxumalo detailed her healing journey, indicating that while she was employed in Durban, she participated in a Zion church. From time to time, she would experience dreams, visions, and hear voices, which she regarded as manifestations of a calling. She credited Mr. Mshengu from eNtukisweni as her initiator, explaining that her initiation lasted for a year and was conducted under the guidance of her uncle, Sphiwe Shabalala, who ensured adherence to traditional practices. 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She conveyed the difficulties associated with being a sangoma, particularly when client numbers are low, which compels her to explore other means of financial support. Nxumalo emphasized her conviction that, unlike some healers who may engage in unethical practices to draw clients, she finds it more prudent to pursue legitimate side endeavors. 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Nxumalo recounts aspects of her family background, her upbringing, her commitment to political activism, and the horrific event that led to the deaths of eleven family members in a brutal attack at their home in Hammersdale","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=14.0,40.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=41.0,440.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adelaide Philisiwe Nxumalo is the second of five children born to the late Mr. Mbhekeni Lucas Nxumalo and Mrs. Fikile Silvia Shabalala Nxumalo. She describes her siblings as Phumelele, Moyeni, Mandisani, and Khozelani, all of whom were born while the family resided in KwaMashu. At the age of seven, she recalls her parents moving the family to Hammersdale, a place commonly known as Mpumalanga Township.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=41.0,440.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152/index/87331/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KwaMashu","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Township lifestyle","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Apartheid regime","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258152#t=41.0,440.0"}]}]},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258150","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000036_2024_12_09_Adelaide_Philisiwe_Nxumalo_Audio_80Kbps_v1.1.mp3"]},"duration":9829.17225,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collections/default_thumbs/000/002/203/small/Audio_logo_1000px.png?1694418531","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258150/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258150/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-kzndsac.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/258/150/original/KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2024_A0000036_2024_12_09_Adelaide_Philisiwe_Nxumalo_Audio_80Kbps_v1.1.mp3?1733839191","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":9829.17225,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/139257/file/258150","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}