{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/iiif/k93125rd7t/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Abraham Bengu"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Alternative identifier"]},"value":{"en":["KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2022_A0000025_2022_06_07"]}},{"label":{"en":["#_Quality Control"]},"value":{"en":["2_Completed (A_Recording uploaded)","2_Completed (B_Metadata)","2_Completed (C_Index)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Headline"]},"value":{"en":["Interview with a Traditional Healer, Abraham  Bhengu narrating his early childhood at Ezindongeni and his initiation journey."]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham Bhengu, born in 1949 in eMahlutshini, navigated a life marked by family tragedies and cultural traditions. Raised by his grandmother after his father's accidental death, he grew into a respected member of both the Dlamini and Bhengu families, known for his work ethic and adherence to Zulu customs. Seeking closure for his father's death, he embarked on a journey to find his grave, demonstrating his commitment to honoring ancestors. Abraham's belief in the significance of family roles and the importance of resolving conflicts through rituals and traditions shaped his worldview. Despite facing personal losses and societal changes, he remained rooted in his heritage, engaging in wars and witnessing shifts in traditional leadership under King Cyprian Bhekuzulu's reign.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Summary"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham Bhengu was born on February 12, 1949, in the eMahlutshini area, within the valley of Ezindongeni. His parents were Frank Nothanda Bhengu and Lucy MaDlamini Bhengu, while his grandparents were MaZitha on his maternal side and MaNdlela on his paternal side. On his paternal side, his lineage includes his grandfather Phonsa and great-grandfather Fanyana, who was born to Nduku. His maternal lineage includes his mother’s father, Phasgondi, and great-grandfather Khasi, with ancestors Holomane, Kleshe, and Mabhulane. Frank Bhengu had one wife, and Abraham was the firstborn among five siblings.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1952, between June and July, the family received a telegraph from Johannesburg informing them of Frank Bhengu's accidental death and burial at Crescent gravesites. At that time, Abraham was only four years old. His grandfather Phonsa, who worked as a domestic worker in Escourt, did not know Johannesburg, so no family member could follow up on the death and burial. After receiving the news, Abraham's mother took him to the Dlamini household, where his grandmother MaZitha was still alive. He grew up there, herding cattle.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbraham later worked for Mr. Shelembe, who owned a large number of cattle and goats. When Abraham decided to return to the Bhengu household, Mr. Shelembe paid him with 86 goats, 14 cows, and 7 horses. Despite growing up without a father, Abraham was treated well by both the Dlamini and Bhengu families. As a young man, he sought assistance from Mr. Zwane in Johannesburg to find his father’s grave. Following Zulu tradition, he brought his father’s spirit home using a goat.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbraham believed that the roles of the firstborn son (inkosana) and firstborn daughter (mafungwase) were crucial in maintaining family order and respect. The firstborn daughter’s duties included advising newly wedded brides on family laws and ensuring proper conduct among young girls. Abraham, troubled by visions and dreams, consulted Mr. Shezi in Johannesburg, who became his initiator/gobela during his initiation as a diviner from 1969 to 1971. This period brought positive changes, including the purchase of a van.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe returned home due to violence in Johannesburg against Zulu people wearing cultural wristbands. Unfortunately, he lost two of his children in accidents, which he later attributed to not properly closing the curse/umkhokha when he brought his father's spirit home. Abraham believed that misfortunes often stemmed from hidden truths and unresolved conflicts, such as unreported abortions and improper rituals.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbraham noted that families often experienced death after slaughtering a cow due to unresolved conflicts. Elders used to advise against feeding guests \"udlokubi\" (dirt) without resolving conflicts, advocating for forgiveness through rituals involving a goat. He underwent a second initiation as a herbalist with Mr. Kubheka from Ulundi and became both a diviner and a herbalist. To protect himself, he would have clients spit into the medicine to ensure any wrongdoing returned to them.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding his heritage, Abraham had little knowledge of Chief Tatazela, but he knew that eMahlutshini respected and enforced tradition. The Indinga was responsible for handling traditional cases, law, and order, led by the first son of the nation (inkosana Yesizwe). The Indinga worked closely with headmen to resolve unclear matters, and the Swati’s of Shabalala possessed significant knowledge about Indinga. Traditionally, cases were initially handled in rondavels and then in public forums involving both parties' families.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAs a young man, Abraham participated in wars when the Indinga was no longer active. He recounted that Chief Mlaba was instructed to re-establish himself at Bhekuzulu, but some refused to follow, leading to Chief Nomatata’s remark on love and loyalty. Chief Nomatata died from a wound inflicted by a wild animal, allegedly worked on by an enemy. After Chief Tatazela’s death, Mshikashika led the nation, followed by Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1966, King Cyprian Bhekuzulu stripped Chiefs of their powers, introducing paid positions, which undermined traditional law enforcement. Previously, local men maintained respect and order through punishments like ukujojwa.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2022-06-07"]}},{"label":{"en":["Specific Location"]},"value":{"en":["eMahlutshini"]}},{"label":{"en":["Extended Locations"]},"value":{"en":["Mahlutshini - uMgungundlovu District Municipality - KwaZulu-Natal - South Africa"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration "]},"value":{"en":["03:13:05"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributors"]},"value":{"en":["Abraham Bengu (Interviewee)","Muziwandile Hadebe (Interviewer)","Reinhardt Hartzenberg (Field Technician)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee Information"]},"value":{"en":["1949-02-12 (Date of Birth)","Ezindongeni (Location of Birth)","Black (Ethnicity)","Male (Gender)","Traditional Healer (Occupation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Notes"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBackground noise of chickens and barking dogs\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Provider"]},"value":{"en":["KwaZulu-Natal Department Sport Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service - Oral History Unit"]}},{"label":{"en":["Repository"]},"value":{"en":["Audio-Visual Repository"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["IsiZulu (Primary)","English (Secondary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Reference code) \u003c/strong\u003eKwaZulu-Natal Department Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service; Oral History Unit\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source URL"]},"value":{"en":["https://www.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082"]}},{"label":{"en":["Access Restrictions"]},"value":{"en":["This material is open for public access and research"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["MPEG-4 (Base Media / Version 2) - extension: .mp4 - ISO/IEC 14496-14 -Video Compression Standard: HEVC (H265) - Frames: 25fps - 16:9 - 8-bit - Compression Mode: Lossy - 854x480 pixels (Public Access - Format)","AVCHD - extension: .MPT - Frame rate: 25fps - 16:9 - Compression Mode: Lossy - 1920 x 1080 pixels (Original Media - Format)","ProRes422 - extension: .MOV - Frame rate: 25fps - 16:9 - 8-bit - Compression Mode: Lossy - 1920 x 1080 pixels (Video Archive Version - Format)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Primary Media Type"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Medium"]},"value":{"en":["Born digital (digitally generated content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Memories from the Past"]}},{"label":{"en":["Genre"]},"value":{"en":["Oral Histories"]}},{"label":{"en":["Collection (Name)"]},"value":{"en":["KZNOHU 2022 Interviews"]}},{"label":{"en":["Conditions governing access"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Condition governing reproduction"]},"value":{"en":["COPIES FOR PRIVATE STUDY: Subject to copyright, conditions imposed by owners and protecting the documents, digital copies can be made. PUBLICATION: A reader wishing to publish material in the collection should contact the Provincial archivist in writing. (Email: kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za ) The reader is responsible for obtaining permission to publish from the copyright owner."]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e© KwaZulu-Natal Archives and records Service - All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service. The status of the content is mentioned in the Release status section, and it is intended solely for research and non-commercial purposes. Interviews may only be reproduced with written permission from the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service and with the correct citation according to the Preferred Citation field. For commercial use, arrangements with cost needs to be made with the Provincial Archivist in writing. – kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration"]},"value":{"en":["09:39:15"]}},{"label":{"en":["License"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003ehttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Copyright Owners"]},"value":{"en":["KwaZulu-Natal Department Sport Arts and Culture (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Disclaimer"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThe memories, comments, and viewpoints shared by the narrators, interviewers, and interviewees in the content on the KZNAV-Channel and related documents do not represent the viewpoints of, or speak for the KwaZulu-Natal Department Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service or KwaZulu-Natal Government. The KZNAV-channel merely serves as an online repository for the memories, comments, stories, accounts, and experiences of the interviewees. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service cannot guarantee or assure the validity, accuracy, or completeness of the information in the interviews hosted here and expressly disclaims any liability therefore. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service retains the right to refuse to host or make publicly available any donated interview due to our discretion. Furthermore, the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service is pleased to provide open public access to content and oral history interviews for educational and non-commercial purposes, but the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service retains the copyright to each interview, transcripts, and any other materials hosted on our KZNAV-Channel unless expressly indicated in the \"Copyright Owner\" field. In certain instances, some interviews may be unavailable to the public due to the content being locked or not having reached the predetermined public release date as legally determined by the Provincial Archivist. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service strives to always offer correct and up-to-date information on the KZNAV-Channel. Although this information has been compiled with the greatest possible care, the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service does not guarantee the completeness, accuracy or topicality of the information. Content, Interviews, transcripts, and other materials published here may not be reproduced in full or published without our express consent. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service can be contacted at kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Generation Method "]},"value":{"en":["Born Digital – Human Generated Content"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham Bhengu, born in 1949 in eMahlutshini, navigated a life marked by family tragedies and cultural traditions. Raised by his grandmother after his father's accidental death, he grew into a respected member of both the Dlamini and Bhengu families, known for his work ethic and adherence to Zulu customs. Seeking closure for his father's death, he embarked on a journey to find his grave, demonstrating his commitment to honoring ancestors. Abraham's belief in the significance of family roles and the importance of resolving conflicts through rituals and traditions shaped his worldview. Despite facing personal losses and societal changes, he remained rooted in his heritage, engaging in wars and witnessing shifts in traditional leadership under King Cyprian Bhekuzulu's reign.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u0026copy; KwaZulu-Natal Archives and records Service - All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service. The status of the content is mentioned in the Release status section, and it is intended solely for research and non-commercial purposes. Interviews may only be reproduced with written permission from the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service and with the correct citation according to the Preferred Citation field. For commercial use, arrangements with cost needs to be made with the Provincial Archivist in writing. \u0026ndash; kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/596/small/20220607_AbrahamBengu_HB_H264_W_854x480.mp4_1678014991.jpg?1678014992","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 20220607_Abraham_Bengu_HB_H264_W_854x480.mp4"]},"duration":11585.023,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/596/small/20220607_AbrahamBengu_HB_H264_W_854x480.mp4_1678014991.jpg?1678014992","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-kzndsac.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/175/596/original/20220607_Abraham_Bengu_HB_H264_W_854x480.mp4?1678014982","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":11585.023,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Abraham Bengu 06-21-2024  8:00 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theme Song","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=0.0,10.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=10.0,70.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Department of Sport, Art, and Culture Archives Oral History Unit conducted an oral history interview with Abraham Bhengu to document his life journey, placing emphasis on his early childhood and spiritual development. Bhengu serves as a living storage space, preserving connections and stories that could otherwise disappear.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=10.0,70.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abraham Bhengu","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=10.0,70.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family tree","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=71.0,868.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abraham Bhengu born at eMahlutshini region, situated in the Ezindongeni valley. Frank Nothanda Bhengu and Lucy MaDlamini Bhengu were his parents, with MaZitha and MaNdlela being his maternal and paternal grandparents, respectively. His grandfather Phonsa and great-grandfather Fanyana, who was born to Nduku, are part of his father's family history. His mother's father, Phasgondi, and great-grandfather Khasi, along with ancestors Holomane, Kleshe, and Mabhulane, are part of his maternal ancestry. Frank Bhengu had a single spouse, and Abraham was the eldest of five siblings.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=71.0,868.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eMahlutshini","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ezindongeni","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=71.0,868.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early Childhood ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=869.0,2093.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In between June and July of 1952, his family received a telegram from Johannesburg informing them that his father had passed away in an accident and had been laid to rest at Crescent gravesites in Johannesburg. He was just 4 years old at the time. He recalls that when his father passed away, his mother took him to the Dlamini family, that’s where he began cattle herding. Mr. Shelembe, a man with a large amount of livestock, mainly cattle and goats, employed him as a herdsman. Upon my departure from the Shelembe household, he compensated me with 86 goats, 14 cows, and 7 horses. Even though he grew up without a father, but he was well cared for by both the Dlamini and Bhengu families.\r\n\r\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=869.0,2093.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Johannesburg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crescent gravesites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"herdsman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=869.0,2093.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seeking Closure","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=2094.0,4150.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bhengu narrates that  the eldest son inkosana and eldest daughter mafungwase have important responsibilities in the family to uphold honesty, legal compliance, structure, and honour. Being the eldest child, he accepted the duty of locating his father's burial site and bringing his soul back. As a young man, he consulted Mr. Zwane, who was employed in Johannesburg, about the official steps he needed to follow in order to find his father's grave. Zwane proved very helpful by guiding him to the office that dealt with these matters, and he successfully located the grave. Following the Zulu custom, I returned my fathers spirit back home using a goat.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=2094.0,4150.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eldest son","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father's burial site","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Johannesburg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zulu custom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=2094.0,4150.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Initiation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=4151.0,9875.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While working in Johannesburg, Mnguni was disturbed by dreams, visions, and uncertainty in his life, prompting him to seek spiritual guidance from Mr. Shezi, located near Maponya, who eventually became my mentor/gobela. While becoming a diviner, I remained employed and stayed at Mr. Shezi's house, leading to improvements such as being able to buy a van. Unfortunately, I lost two of my children in accidents and later realized that by bringing my father's spirit back home, I failed to break the curse of accidents, resulting in these deaths.\r\n\r\nLater on, Mnguni received second herbalist initiation from Mr. Kubheka in Ulundi. He now practice both divination and herbalism. It is typical for traditional healers to encounter individuals seeking advice for negative reasons or sent by other healers to assess their abilities. To protect himself, he often request individuals to spit into the medicine or herbs I provide, as any harm caused with his treatment will ultimately affect them.\r\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=4151.0,9875.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Initiation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diviner","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accidents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"curse","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"umkhokha","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=4151.0,9875.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Importance of Indinga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=9876.0,11520.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mnguni provides he hold limited knowledge of Chief Tatazela as he was in power during the times of his father, what he remember is that eMahlutshini upheld and followed traditional customs. It was understood that there is a forum where issues related to customs were resolved by Indinga. Indinga monitored the juncus kraussil, the ones who didn't grieve and those who prematurely took off their mourning garments. Law and order were maintained by Indinga, as the chief did not handle cases personally. Instead, cases were dealt with by headmen and local men. For instance, if someone was caught with a spear planning to harm another person, the spear was brought to Endingeni, not the Royal palace. The ruler of Indinga is the first born son of the country, known as inkosana Yesizwe. If urgent issues needed to be relayed to the leader, it was the duty of the country's eldest son to do so. There must be a strong connection between the headmen and all Indinga members. The primary heir of the country is authorized to rectify the chief if things are not handled properly.\r\n\r\nChief Nomatata passed after reportedly encountering a wild animal in his yard, stabbing it, and allegedly experiencing fatal consequences from the wound. Following Chief Tatazela's passing, Mshikashika assumed leadership of the nation and eventually Johnson took over the throne. In 1966, King Cyprian Bhekuzulu stripped Chiefs of their powers and told them they would now receive payment. The tradition was disrupted as individuals who violated customs and laws were disciplined by men in the community using the ukujojwa punishment to uphold respect and order in society.\r\n\r\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=9876.0,11520.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chief Tatazela","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eMahlutshini","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"traditional customs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ndinga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Law and order","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nkosana Yesizwe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=9876.0,11520.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596/index/83831/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theme Song","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175596#t=11521.0,11585.0"}]}]},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175595","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 20220607_Abraham_Bengu_Audio_80Kbps.mp3"]},"duration":11585.0449,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/595/small/Audio_logo_1000px.png?1678013420","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175595/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175595/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-kzndsac.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/175/595/original/20220607_Abraham_Bengu_Audio_80Kbps.mp3?1678013369","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":11585.0449,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/79082/file/175595","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}