{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/iiif/qz22b8wj2t/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["iNyosi Buzetsheni Mkhohliseni Mdletshe"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Alternative identifier"]},"value":{"en":["KZN_ARCH_OHU_RECORDING_2022_A0000020_2022_05_12"]}},{"label":{"en":["#_Quality Control"]},"value":{"en":["2_Completed (A_Recording uploaded)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Headline"]},"value":{"en":["Interview with iNyosi Buzetsheni Mkhohliseni Mdletshe on a three day long interview session in Ceza near Ulundi."]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eInterview with long-serving Zulu Royal household Praise singer Buzetsheni Mdletshe. Mdletshe has served in the role for the past 46 years and has an incredible wealth of knowledge about Zulu history and Culture. Although he was officially given the title of praise singer in 2001, Mdletshe first recited the king’s praise publicly in 1974 during the wedding of the king’s daughter in the absence of his then praise singer. Buzetsheni Mdletshe fell in love with the art of praise singing when he was a little boy. He says his young self, with no opportunity to go to school, never thought his dream of becoming a praise singer would come true. But today he is the official praise singer of the Zulu monarch. He would not call it a job though. For Mdletshe, it’s a gift. “When I sing the praises it’s like a Sangoma who is entered by the spirit of ancestors. A spirit needs to enter you. Anyone can read the praises in books, but you need to have that gift that is given to you by the spirits that guide your praises,” he told Times Select. His gift of praise singing was quite literally handed to him on a plate. “My love for praise poetry started when I was very young. I remember when my brother brought home a commemorative plate that had all the praise names of king DinuZulu and King Solomon. \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Summary"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThe role of a praise singer, has always held significance within the Zulu royal family. In the era of King Shaka, Mthamama Sibisi served as his praise singer. Mdletshe explains that his grandfather, Mavukefile Mdletshe, served as the praise singer for King Dinuzulu and King Solomon. Afterwards, Mr. Mathambo Gwala, Mr. Mndawe Ngcobo, and Mr. Ntulizempi Dlamini all came together to work with the deceased King Zwelithini. While I was serving, Mr. Xulu, Ntombela from kwaDabhazi, Mr. Mcwango, and a young man from Ondini named Mr. Mkhize, who the King believed should be trained due to his great potential, joined as praise singers. Regrettably, I did not encounter Gexezile Zulu, the creator of King Zwelithini's praise names. Praise singers play a crucial role in the royal family by holding the knowledge of the praise names of all Zulu Kings in chronological order, ensuring the preservation of history. No ceremony can take place without a praise singer present. Praise singers play a crucial role in the royal family by keeping track of the chronological order of praise names for all the Zulu Kings, thus helping to preserve history. Becoming a praise singer is akin to becoming a Sangoma as memorizing all the praise names is like undergoing initiation. In the royal palace, praise names function as prayers, as a praise singer is needed for any occasion, be it solemn or joyous. When creating praise names, a praise singer incorporates the triumphs and obstacles overcome by the king being praised; being a praise singer is a spiritual experience filled with intense emotions.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eCompensation for a praise singer has consistently sparked debate. Prince Reggie once stated that a praise singer's payment was in the form of intwani. Mdletshe explains that as far as he knows, a praise singer is compensated by a king with livestock. Mdletshe, a praise singer, did not get official recognition or a dedicated salary for his role. Instead, he was initially paid as a security guard before becoming a driver with a higher salary after getting a license. Mdletshe was formally recognized as a praise singer on April 01, 2001, during Sibusiso Ndebele's premiership.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMdletshe recounts that the late King Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu's burial was carried out in a traditional manner, with all the customary practices associated with a king's burial being observed. He further remembers that as a praise singer, he fulfilled his responsibilities well until the very end. He later mentions that Queen Mantfombi Dlamini needed to undergo a cleansing ceremony before taking the throne, which was exclusive to her while the other wives were still grieving. He states that Queen Mantfombi Dlamini passed away four days following the cleansing ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDue to Queen Mantfombi's passing, her children from KwaKhangelamankengane were excluded from the ihlambu ceremony held in June, revealing a lack of understanding of tradition and cleansing among the royal family, as noted by Mdletshe. The cleansing was seen as a shameful and disrespectful act when it was found out that the king's shield was handed over to the Nkosi headmen. While I do not hold the headmen responsible, the royal family members behind this plan were clearly in the wrong. To give an illustration, as a praise singer, the king will occasionally entrust me with his shield while occupied with other tasks; how I handle it is key - I hold it with the furry side facing me as a clear sign that it belongs to him, not me. Due to the fact that one is unable to conduct ihlambu for the king when his other children are grieving their mother’s passing. According to Zulu tradition, only the rightful person, King Misuzulu, is allowed to perform the ihlambu ceremony. This tradition takes place from June to July, with the latest possible date being before August 15th.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMdletshe's employment with the government concluded on December 31, 2020. Even after his reign had concluded, he still frequented the palace to recite praise names, driven by his deep affection. Mdletshe recalls that on 3 January 2021, King Zwelithini inquired if his tenure with the Department had been completed and sought Director-General Mkhize's approval to have Mdletshe reinstated as a praise singer. Although he was approved for re-appointment, he has been working on a 1-year contract since 2021, with all post benefits revoked and the state vehicles confiscated. No payment was received by him in 2021, and only in March 2022 did he receive reimbursement with the assistance of Mr. Kubheka, the Deputy-Director General.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2022-05-12"]}},{"label":{"en":["Specific Location"]},"value":{"en":["KwaCeza"]}},{"label":{"en":["Extended Locations"]},"value":{"en":["Ulundi - Zululand District Municipality - KwaZulu-Natal - South Africa"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration "]},"value":{"en":["03:35:02"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributors"]},"value":{"en":["iNyosi Buzetsheni Mkhohliseni Mdletshe (Interviewee)","Muziwandile Hadebe (Interviewer)","Reinhardt Hartzenberg (Field Technician)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee Information"]},"value":{"en":["Mkhohliseni Buzetsheni Mdletshe (Name)","KwaCeza (Location of Birth)","Zulu (Ethnicity)","Male (Gender)","Praise Singer (Occupation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Provider"]},"value":{"en":["KwaZulu-Natal Department Sport Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service - Oral History Unit"]}},{"label":{"en":["Repository"]},"value":{"en":["Audio-Visual Repository"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["IsiZulu (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Reference code) \u003c/strong\u003eKwaZulu-Natal Department Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service; Oral History Unit\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source URL"]},"value":{"en":["https://www.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981"]}},{"label":{"en":["Access Restrictions"]},"value":{"en":["This material is open for public access and research"]}},{"label":{"en":["Embargo Date"]},"value":{"en":["N/A"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["MPEG-4 (Base Media / Version 2) - extension: .mp4 - ISO/IEC 14496-14 -Video Compression Standard: HEVC (H265) - Frames: 25fps - 16:9 - 8-bit - Compression Mode: Lossy - 854x480 pixels (Public Access - Format)","AVCHD - extension: .MPT - Frame rate: 25fps - 16:9 - Compression Mode: Lossy - 1920 x 1080 pixels (Original Media - Format)","ProRes422 - extension: .MOV - Frame rate: 25fps - 16:9 - 8-bit - Compression Mode: Lossy - 1920 x 1080 pixels (Video Archive Version - Format)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Primary Media Type"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Medium"]},"value":{"en":["Born digital (digitally generated content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Themes"]},"value":{"en":["Indigenous knowledge systems","Anglo-Zulu War","Culture"]}},{"label":{"en":["Genre"]},"value":{"en":["Oral Histories"]}},{"label":{"en":["Conditions governing access"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Condition governing reproduction"]},"value":{"en":["COPIES FOR PRIVATE STUDY: Subject to copyright, conditions imposed by owners and protecting the documents, digital copies can be made. PUBLICATION: A reader wishing to publish material in the collection should contact the Provincial archivist in writing. (Email: kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za ) The reader is responsible for obtaining permission to publish from the copyright owner."]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e© KwaZulu-Natal Archives and records Service - All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service. The status of the content is mentioned in the Release status section, and it is intended solely for research and non-commercial purposes. Interviews may only be reproduced with written permission from the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service and with the correct citation according to the Preferred Citation field. For commercial use, arrangements with cost needs to be made with the Provincial Archivist in writing. – kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Duration"]},"value":{"en":["10:45:07"]}},{"label":{"en":["License"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003ehttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Redact of Content"]},"value":{"en":["No"]}},{"label":{"en":["Disclaimer"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThe memories, comments, and viewpoints shared by the narrators, interviewers, and interviewees in the content on the KZNAV-Channel and related documents do not represent the viewpoints of, or speak for the KwaZulu-Natal Department Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service or KwaZulu-Natal Government. The KZNAV-channel merely serves as an online repository for the memories, comments, stories, accounts, and experiences of the interviewees. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service cannot guarantee or assure the validity, accuracy, or completeness of the information in the interviews hosted here and expressly disclaims any liability therefore. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service retains the right to refuse to host or make publicly available any donated interview due to our discretion. Furthermore, the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service is pleased to provide open public access to content and oral history interviews for educational and non-commercial purposes, but the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service retains the copyright to each interview, transcripts, and any other materials hosted on our KZNAV-Channel unless expressly indicated in the \"Copyright Owner\" field. In certain instances, some interviews may be unavailable to the public due to the content being locked or not having reached the predetermined public release date as legally determined by the Provincial Archivist. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service strives to always offer correct and up-to-date information on the KZNAV-Channel. Although this information has been compiled with the greatest possible care, the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service does not guarantee the completeness, accuracy or topicality of the information. Content, Interviews, transcripts, and other materials published here may not be reproduced in full or published without our express consent. The KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service can be contacted at kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eInterview with long-serving Zulu Royal household Praise singer Buzetsheni Mdletshe. Mdletshe has served in the role for the past 46 years and has an incredible wealth of knowledge about Zulu history and Culture. Although he was officially given the title of praise singer in 2001, Mdletshe first recited the king\u0026rsquo;s praise publicly in 1974 during the wedding of the king\u0026rsquo;s daughter in the absence of his then praise singer. Buzetsheni Mdletshe fell in love with the art of praise singing when he was a little boy. He says his young self, with no opportunity to go to school, never thought his dream of becoming a praise singer would come true. But today he is the official praise singer of the Zulu monarch. He would not call it a job though. For Mdletshe, it\u0026rsquo;s a gift. \u0026ldquo;When I sing the praises it\u0026rsquo;s like a Sangoma who is entered by the spirit of ancestors. A spirit needs to enter you. Anyone can read the praises in books, but you need to have that gift that is given to you by the spirits that guide your praises,\u0026rdquo; he told Times Select. His gift of praise singing was quite literally handed to him on a plate. \u0026ldquo;My love for praise poetry started when I was very young. I remember when my brother brought home a commemorative plate that had all the praise names of king DinuZulu and King Solomon.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u0026copy; KwaZulu-Natal Archives and records Service - All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Sport, Arts and Culture - KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service. The status of the content is mentioned in the Release status section, and it is intended solely for research and non-commercial purposes. Interviews may only be reproduced with written permission from the KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service and with the correct citation according to the Preferred Citation field. For commercial use, arrangements with cost needs to be made with the Provincial Archivist in writing. \u0026ndash; kznarchives@kzndsac.gov.za\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["KZN Archives and Records Service "]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/237/original/kwazulu-natal-archives-logo-white-on-transparent_F.png?1676044208","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/500/small/20220512_BuzetsheniMkhohliseniMdletshe_HB_H265_W_854x480.mp4_1677869905.jpg?1677869906","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 1735717167_175500_1677869949_20220512_Buzetsheni_Mkhohliseni_Mdletshe_HB_H265_W_854x480.mp4"]},"duration":12902.399,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/500/small/20220512_BuzetsheniMkhohliseniMdletshe_HB_H265_W_854x480.mp4_1677869905.jpg?1677869906","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-kzndsac.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/175/500/original/1735717167_175500_1677869949_20220512_Buzetsheni_Mkhohliseni_Mdletshe_HB_H265_W_854x480.mp4?1735717221","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":12902.399,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["iNyosi Buzetsheni Mkhohliseni Mdletshe 07-03-2024  5:50 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theme Song","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=0.0,11.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=12.0,102.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An oral history interview with Inyosi, Buzetsheni Mkhohliseni Mdletshe conducted by the Department of Sport, Art, and Culture Archives Oral History Unit, Mdletshe is a long-serving praise singer in the Zulu royal household. He acts as a living archive, preserving  important Zulu historical knowledge, cultural practices, and traditions from disappearing due to lack of proper recording.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=12.0,102.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=12.0,102.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Izinyosi zeSilo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=103.0,609.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The position of a praise singer/inyosi has consistently held significance within the Zulu royal family. In King Shaka's reign, Mthamama Sibisi served as his praise singer. Mdletshe explains that his grandfather Mavukefile Mdletshe served as the praise singer for both King Dinuzulu and King Solomon. Afterwards, Mr. Mathambo Gwala, Mr. Mndawe Ngcobo, and Mr. Ntulizempi Dlamini joined with the late King Zwelithini. While I was serving, I was accompanied by Mr. Xulu, Ntombela from kwaDabhazi, Mr. Mcwango, who is still serving, and a young man from Ondini, Mr. Mkhize, whom the King identified as having great potential and recommended for training. Praise singers play a crucial role in the royal family by preserving history through their knowledge of the chronological order of praise names of all Zulu Kings, and no ceremony can take place without a praise singer.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=103.0,609.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"praise singers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zulu Kingdom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"role of praise singers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Former praise singers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=103.0,609.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salary of a Praise Singer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=610.0,2037.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At one point, Prince Reggie kamaGangeni kaDinuzulu from kwaQambushilo was questioned about how praise singers used to be compensated. He replied that, despite the slaughter of 20 cows, a praise singer received a portion of meat known as intwani as compensation. According to Mdletshe's understanding, a king rewarded a praise singer with cattle. Mdletshe has accompanied King Zwelithini KaBhekuzulu on trips to several countries, witnessing the high regard for his job abroad, yet lacking the same level of respect at home. Before, there was no official position for a praise singer, so he worked as a security guard. Once he got his driver's license, he was able to upgrade to a driver position with a higher salary. Mdletshe was formally recognized as a praise singer on April 01, 2001, during the leadership of Mr. Sibusiso Ndebele.\r\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=610.0,2037.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salary of a Praise Singer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Recognition","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inadequate salary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Official post","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=610.0,2037.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Death of King Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=2038.0,3144.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Around 5:30 AM on 12 February, Mdletshe was informed by Queen MaNdlovu that the King had passed away. When he arrived at the hospital to retrieve the King's body, he was led to his hospital bed where he offered praises. He then repeated the gesture in front of the mortuary. His coworker, Mr. Mcwango, was present as well, and they both agreed to be there because of their successful collaboration, even though he was already retired. The king was dressed in a stylish suit, complete with waistcoat, tie, and shoes, by several men at the mortuary. King Zwelithini was buried at KwaDlamahlahla, the same location where his father King Bhekuzulu and grandfather Phumuzuzulu were laid to rest. The king was dressed in a traditional attire when he was buried, unlike regular people, he was laid to rest sitting in a chair. Furthermore, according to Zulu tradition, when a person died, they do not pass through the same door as the living; instead, a wall is broken down to allow the deceased to pass through. This is the reason a temporary grass room was built to fulfill this function.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=2038.0,3144.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Death of King Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The kings burial","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ukutshalwa kweNkosi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=2038.0,3144.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Queen Mantfombi Dlamini Zulu","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=3145.0,3439.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Queen Mantfombi Dlamini underwent a cleansing ceremony to prepare her for the throne on 24 April, which included the sacrifice of two cows and goats. It was intended to purify the Zulu and Ngwane Kingdoms through the slaughter of livestock by individuals representing each kingdom. Despite the intention to purify the Queen so she could lead the Zulu nation, she unexpectedly died on April 29, just 4 days after the cleansing ritual.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=3145.0,3439.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Queen Mantfombi Dlamini Zulu","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cleansing ritual","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interim leader","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Death","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=3145.0,3439.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Inhlambu Cleansing Ritual","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=3440.0,5845.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Due to the passing of Queen Mantfombi, her children from KwaKhangelamankengane were not part of  ihlambu ritual held in June, highlighting the royal family's lack of understanding of tradition and purification, as stated by Mdletshe. Because it is not possible to do ihlambu for the king when his other children are grieving over their mother's passing. According to Zulu tradition, only the rightful person, King Misuzulu, is permitted to conduct ihlambu. This ceremony takes place in the months of June and July, with the latest possible date being before August 15.\r\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=3440.0,5845.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Inhlambu Cleansing Ritual","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Queen Mantfombi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rightful person","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=3440.0,5845.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Re-Appointment ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=5846.0,7103.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"King Zwelithini, who is now deceased, did not support Mdletshle's retirement and instead asked for him to be reappointed. Even though he was approved for re-appointment, he has been working on a yearly contract basis since 2021, with all his post benefits revoked and the state vehicles confiscated. Mdletshe did not get paid at all in 2021, and it was not until March 2022 that he was reimbursed with the help of Deputy-Director General Mr. Kubheka.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=5846.0,7103.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"re-appointment","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Contract worker","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reimbursement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=5846.0,7103.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Appreciation of Inyosi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=7104.0,9291.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mdletshe explains that despite Inyosi not receiving much attention, individuals like Mr. TC Memela have demonstrated its significance within the Zulu community. Therefore, he has been given livestock gifts, which are also referred to as impahla, by leaders such as Inkosi yakwaNzuza, Inkosi Memela, and Dr. VVO Mkhize. In addition, King Zwelithini demonstrated the importance of the Mdletshe role by requesting a cleansing ritual when he faced personal losses, such as the death of his brother Bongani Mdletshe and his brother's wife KaNyandeni in 2016. This allowed him to attend crucial trips and missing family funerals. Mdletshe describes the close bond between the Mdletshe family and the Zulu royal family, which originated in the time of Shaka and continues to this day. He further mentions that on King Zwelithini's visits to KwaCeza, he used to be welcomed with a cattle, but in 2012, his sons and grandsons purchased the cattle voluntarily, indicating the enduring respect for the Zulu royal family in Mavukefile's household.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=7104.0,9291.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Appreciation of Inyosi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gifts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trips with King Zwelithini","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mdletshe and Zulu families","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=7104.0,9291.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zulu Weapons","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=9292.0,12838.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mdletshe presented and explained the historical significance of his shields and spears. At first, Mdletshe reveals a shield with the same color as his grandfather Mavukefile's, the color is called umzondo. Next, he displays a spear that belonged to his grandfather and was given to him by his late father, Sombila Mdletshe. He tells the story of receiving the second shield from his deceased uncle, Nogotshwa, who had lent him the shield for his trip to Swaziland to pay lobolo for Queen Mantfombi Dlamini. Mdletshe displayed a third shield and spear gifted by an Umntwana waseZulwini, noting he has taken them on two trips to England. Additional items consist of knobkerrie, a dark stick utilized for Umkhosi Woselwa, and imbemba.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=9292.0,12838.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zulu Weapons","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Umkhonto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Isihlangu","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spear and shield","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"historical importance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=9292.0,12838.0"},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500/index/84270/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theme Song","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175500#t=12839.0,12902.0"}]}]},{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175482","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 20220512_Buzetsheni_Mkhohliseni_Mdletshe_Audio_80Kbps.mp3"]},"duration":12902.42612,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/482/small/Audio_logo_1000px.png?1677873999","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175482/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175482/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-kzndsac.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/175/482/original/20220512_Buzetsheni_Mkhohliseni_Mdletshe_Audio_80Kbps.mp3?1677862109","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":12902.42612,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://av.kznarchives.gov.za/collections/2203/collection_resources/77981/file/175482","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}